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Leute ist ein Pluraletantum für Menschen oder Personen. Definition, Rechtschreibung, Synonyme und Grammatik von 'Leut' auf Duden online nachschlagen. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Leute. Pluralwort – 1. mit anderen zusammen auftretende, als 2a. Personen, die unter jemandes Leitung 2b. Arbeiter[innen], Hausangestellte auf einem. [1] „Das Dorf hat fünfhundert Leute, zweimal im Jahr wird wohl jeder Leut die Außenwelt mit einem Gruß aus Bossdom wissen lassen wollen, daß er noch. kein Singular, Plural: Leu·te. Aussprache: IPA: [ˈlɔɪ̯tə]: Hörbeispiele: Lautsprecherbild Leute (Österreich).
The residues involved in this binding are situated on the transmembrane alpha helix segments 1, 3, 6 and 8. Bacterial Leucine Transporter imports leucine from the outside of the cell to the inside with the aid of two sodium ions.
It is a homologue of the proteins that remove chemical transmitters from the synapse and assist neurotransmission such as serotonin , dopamine , noradrenaline , glycine or GABA -aminobutyric acid transporters in neurons.
These specific transport proteins clear the synapse after a nerve signal, transporting neurotransmitters back into the axon and making it ready for another signal.
LeuT is one of the dozens of transporters that shuttle amino acids in and out of bacterial cells.
Leucine and alanine are the main amino acids that this protein brings across the membrane since it has a high affinity for these small hydrophobic molecules.
Moreover, the hydrophobic character of the protein surface complements well the hydrophobic character of the cell membrane. The transport is powered by the gradient of sodium ions, which generates a difference of electric potential between the inner and extracellular space.
LeuT acts as a symporter , an integral membrane protein that works as a cotransporter linking the passage of two sodium ions across the membrane with the transport of the amino acid in the same direction thus making the process energetically favorable.
The concentration difference creates an electrochemical potential gradient that is used to catalyze the uptake of organic substrates in this case leucine.
The transport is not dependent on any other source of energy for example, ATP. Leucine transporter, like the neurotransmitter transporters in nerve cells, has a bundle of twelve alpha helices that form a transport channel through the membrane.
For that, this bacterial protein is providing a powerful model for studying the atomic details of these nerve proteins. The protein is thought to act like a rocker switch.
It opens toward the extracellular space so that leucine and sodium ions can enter and bind to it. After that, LeuT undergoes a conformational change that releases both particles into the inside of the cell.
Two sets of alpha helices are thought to perform the rocking action by directly changing its shape after the binding of the amino acid to the structure.
If a drug such as an antidepressant is bound to it, the transport activity is dramatically reduced.
LeuT was first crystallized by the New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure NYCOMPS and other researchers from the bacteria species Aquifex aeolicus with the aim of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of antidepressants binding to their target proteins, the neurotransmitter transporters.
As these proteins have proven difficult to be crystallized, LeuT emerged as a promising homologue for the docking of these drugs.
Antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs bind in the large cavity at the outer entrance of the protein, not directly by competitively inhibiting the binding site for leucine, but presumably blocking the motion of the protein that is necessary for undergoing the conformational change that leads to the release of leucine.
There is some evidence, however, that antidepressants may bind a bit deeper in the opening of human neurotransmitter transporters, due to their differences with LeuT; these are, a more packaged structure and extensions at the ends of the chain that allow them to interact with other proteins in the nerve cell.
LeuT is just a first step in this fascinating story. In , the structure of the dopamine transporter was X-ray crystallized ; such a success has paved the way to a better comprehension of this process.
Sequence alignment between the human serotonin transporter and LeuT, generated using Clustal Omega:. Leut Reservar agora. Leut alojamentos semelhantes a casas e apartamentos por Booking.
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